What is the term for a forum where parties present their cases before an impartial third party?

The correct term for a forum where parties present their cases before an impartial third party is arbitration. In this process, the third party, known as an arbitrator, hears the evidence and arguments from both sides and then makes a binding decision. Arbitration is often chosen as an alternative to litigation because it can be more efficient and less formal, while still providing a fair resolution to the dispute.

In contrast, mediation involves a mediator who facilitates discussion between the parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable agreement, but does not make a binding decision. Negotiation is a direct discussion between parties aimed at reaching a compromise without involving third parties. Litigation refers to the legal process of bringing a lawsuit in court, where a judge or jury ultimately decides the outcome based on the law. Each of these terms represents different methods of dispute resolution, but arbitration specifically involves the formal presentation of cases to a third party for binding resolution.